Climate change and its impact on the decline of Iraqi water bodies – a study of Lake Habbaniya
Abstract
The study aims to clarify the impact of climate change on the decline of Iraqi water bodies, including Lake Habbaniya in the province, which is one of the most important freshwater lakes for irrigation and agricultural uses with its estimated live storage of 2.56 billion m3, on the one hand, and tourism within Iraq on the other.
The study revealed that climate change has had a negative impact on the area of this lake and is threatening its very existence in the region. This is a direct result of the severe drought that has resulted from it, or because of the arbitrary policies of upstream countries, most notably Turkey, which is using climate change as an excuse to withhold a large share of Iraq's water quota.
It has become clear that the serious negative effects of global climate change began to appear on the ground between 2000 and 2025. which in turn has been directly reflected in the rise in annual temperatures globally and in Iraq in particular, leading to a significant decline in its water levels as a result, which upstream countries have used as an excuse to reduce Iraq's water quotas. This has been clearly reflected in the size of Lake Habbaniya since the beginning of the second millennium to the present day. This has been evident in the complete drying up of the lake for certain periods in recent years.
The study concluded that climate change and the policies of neighbouring countries have the greatest impact on the survival and size of this water body and other major water bodies in Iraq, with serious positive or negative consequences for many vital sectors, most notably agriculture, fishing and tourism. In addition, there will be serious environmental consequences, such as severe and increasing pollution with heavy metals, as well as higher levels of salinity in fresh water, rendering it unsuitable for agricultural and even human use.
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