Exacerbation of the Drought Phenomenon under Climate and Hydrology Variables in South of Iraq
Abstract
The drought is considered one of the natural climate phenomena that is suffered from it large areas of Iraq. It is a phenomenon that occurs as a result of changes in climate characteristics and rates, represented by a decrease in rainfall, low humidity, high temperatures, and evaporation. This leads to significant impacts on biological and natural systems that can last for a long time, such as the spread of desertification as a result of the deterioration of soil properties and salinization, and the decrease in land productivity and erosion due to low humidity and drought, in addition to the deterioration of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of water. The study also revealed that the southern region of Iraq, represented by the stations (Nasiriyah, Amara, Basra), is witnessing an increase in the values of monthly and annual averages for some climatic elements, such as (temperatures, the highest of which was recorded at the Nasiriyah station, reaching (26.2) (C), and evaporation, which recorded the highest rate at the Basra station, reaching (4140.7 mm), and a decrease in the values of monthly and annual averages for others, such as rainfall and humidity), which recorded their lowest rates at the Nasiriyah station, reaching (121.8) mm 39.6) respectively. The study also revealed that the climate of the study area is characterized by a semi-arid climate according to the results of the Demarton equation. In addition, the study area is witnessing a large financial deficit, especially in recent years, which has resulted in hydrological changes that have contributed to the expansion of the drought phenomenon in the study area
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